2014年冬季西太平洋雅浦海山与大洋海域大型浮游动物群落比较研究     

陶振铖  王延清  金鑫  李超伦 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):919-930

2014年冬季对西太平洋雅浦Y3海山区和从西太平洋暖池区到黑潮源区之间的大洋海域的浮游动物进行了调查研究，分析了海山区和大洋海域大型浮游动物群落的物种组成、丰度和分布，并比较了两个海域大型浮游动物群落的差异，结合温度、盐度和叶绿素a浓度等环境因子数据，分析了海山对大型浮游动物群落的影响。结果表明，Y3海山区和大洋海域的大型浮游动物群落物种组成存在差异，二者的群落相似度系数为68.4%，两个海域的优势种/类群也不尽相同，海山区的优势种/类群是磷虾各期幼体、尖额磷虾和蛮𧊕，而大洋海域的优势种/类群分别是磷虾后期幼体、手磷虾、蛮𧊕、尖额磷虾和莹虾。大型浮游动物群落在海山区的平均丰度和最大丰度都要高于大洋海域，但海山区的生物多样性指数、均匀度指数和生物量占比都低于大洋海域，因而Y3海山对大型浮游动物群落的海山效应不明显。通过相关性分析和主成分分析结果可以看出，海山区的首要影响环境因子是盐度，而大洋海域则是温度；海山区和大洋海域的大型浮游动物丰度分别与200m层盐度和平均温度呈负相关关系，并且在两个调查海域均未发现大型浮游动物的丰度和生物量分布与叶绿素a浓度之间存在显著的相关关系。  相似文献   

Barrier holes and trench application to reduce blast induced vibration in Seyitomer coal mine     

Kaan Erarslan  Önder Uysal  Ercan Arpaz  M Akif Cebi 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(6):1325-1331

In this research, experimental applications have been performed to reduce blast induced vibrations in open pit mines. For this purpose, artificial discontinuity zones such as barrier holes and trench were opened in a dragline panel of Seyitomer Lignite Enterprise, Kutahya, Turkey. Peak particle velocities in front of and behind them were measured by seismographs. In this way, their effect against vibration was observed and compared. Barrier holes were opened 24 m deep through 3 parallel lines and aligned at 1 m spacing. On the other hand, the trench had 8 m depth and 4 m width. During the research, 209 measurements were taken belonging to 105 explosions. Twenty-eight explosions were carried out in the barrier holes experiments and 77 explosions were carried out in the trench experiments. A decrease in vibration of 14.3–18.5% was obtained behind the barrier holes while a decrease of 24.8–58.1% was provided by the trench.  相似文献   

Constraints on the state of in situ effective stress and the mechanical behavior of ODP Leg 186 claystones in the Japan Trench forearc     

Maria Vera Susanna Ask  Achim Kopf 《Island Arc》2004,13(1):242-257

Abstract The Japan Trench forearc offshore Honshu Island in northeast Japan, where the 130‐m.y.‐old Pacific oceanic plate is presently subducted, was drilled during the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 186. Results from mechanical and sedimentological studies of claystones recovered from Sites 1150 and 1151 in the overlying erosional forearc wedge are reported in the present study. Although many physical properties are similar in the seismic (Site 1150) and aseismic portion (Site 1151) of the shallow forearc, Site 1150 displayed a higher abundance of open fractures, two prominent fault zones and enigmatic pore fluid signatures in the claystones. The abundance of weak mineral phases, together with high smectite contents (from X‐ray diffraction), control the low friction coefficients of 0.33–0.39 of the claystones in ring‐shear experiments. Results from triaxial testing proposed overall low magnitudes of in situ effective vertical stress, with somewhat lower values at Site 1150 than at Site 1151. Similarly, samples from Site 1150 displayed slightly higher pore fluid pressures than those at Site 1151. The high sediment porosities, which are in part also a result of intact diatom tests (from scanning electron microscope), together with the anomalous fluid signatures and elevated pore fluid pressures, could very likely result from upward migration and influx of deep‐seated waters. Dewatering reactions at depth result in enhanced pore fluid pressure transients along out‐of‐sequence thrusts and consequently lower effective stress. At depths greater than that of Leg 186 drilling, elevated pressure–temperature conditions trigger mineral transformation and cementation, which result in increasing friction, unstable sliding and seismic rupture. Such earthquakes could have repeatedly disaggregated the consolidated claystone fabrics at the seismic site, and could be responsible for differences in yield strength and cementation when compared to the aseismic Site 1151.  相似文献   

Japan Trench and tectonics of the Japanese Island Arcs     

Nobuaki Niitsuma 《Island Arc》2004,13(1):306-317

Abstract Seven chronostratigraphic stages were established based on the correlation of magneto‐biostratigraphic marker horizons within the Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program cores from the forearc of the Japan Trench. Because the stages are coeval with changes in the rate of sedimentation, lithofacies, magnetic intensity and composition of fossil assemblages, they probably reflect the tectonic situation in the Japan Trench forearc and also in the arc–trench system. The stages correlate to the tectonic events of the Japanese Island Arcs; for example, evolution of the Boso triple junction, initiation of Philippine Sea Plate subduction and the Japan Sea opening.  相似文献   

西太平洋板块向我国东北地区深部俯冲的数值模拟   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

朱桂芝  石耀霖  陈石  张怀 《地球物理学报》2009,52(4):950-957

本文采用依赖温度的黏度结构以及考虑海洋板块和大陆板块厚度差异等特征,以太平洋板块向欧亚板块会聚速率作为板块速度的主要约束,通过变化海沟后撤速度模型,数值模拟西太平洋板块向中国东北的俯冲过程.结果表明,要产生类似于中国东北之下低角度的板片俯冲,海沟后撤是重要条件;而上下地幔黏度的较大差异是决定俯冲板片不穿透660 km相变面的决定因素;西太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲应早于70 Ma B.P.,海沟后撤速度可能小于一些地质学家估计的45 mm/a, 而且可能是分阶段变化的;速度场表明运动学模型的反过程：大陆岩石圈之下物质的不断水平向东的流动和推挤可能成为海沟后撤的力源之一,地幔物质的这种东向流动可能与印度板块挤压碰撞欧亚板块有关,沿欧亚板块东缘的扩张构造可能是太平洋-欧亚板块运动和印度-欧亚板块运动的综合效应.  相似文献   

菲律宾群岛深部速度结构成像与双向俯冲板片构造特征          下载免费PDF全文

谭皓原  王志 《地球物理学报》2018,61(12):4887-4900

菲律宾群岛受到欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和印度-澳大利亚板块的碰撞作用,地质环境复杂,构造因素多样.尽管近几年来已经有了少数关于该区域层析成像的研究,但这些研究的区域主要集中在马尼拉海沟、吕宋岛及中菲律宾地区,而关于群岛周围其他海沟和南菲律宾地区的讨论相对较少.到目前为止,还没有同时获得过关于菲律宾群岛深部纵、横波速度结构的研究,本次研究通过反演155779条P波震相和59642条S波震相,同时获得了菲律宾群岛从地表至150 km深度的纵、横波速度结构.地震层析成像结果表明该地区的壳幔速度结构具有较强的不均一性,地壳内部存在着广泛的低速异常,而表征俯冲板块的高速异常则沿着群岛周边的海沟展布.南海块体在马尼拉海沟中段的俯冲角度和俯冲活动性比南段小;菲律宾海板块在东吕宋海槽南段微弱的俯冲作用很有可能同本哈姆海台的碰撞有关.菲律宾群岛大部分M_W>6.0的强震沿着各个板块的边界发生,体现出菲律宾海板块同欧亚板块之间的强耦合作用,群岛西侧的南海块体在马尼拉海沟16°N-20°N之间呈现出的弱耦合状态可能跟北吕宋地区的拉张应力环境有关,南海块体在16°N以南的地区同上覆块体之间的耦合作用较强;群岛东侧的菲律宾海板块在14°N以北的地区没有强震发生,它与菲律宾群岛之间的耦合程度从北向南逐渐增强,在12°N以南的地区要强于12°N以北的地区;此外苏禄海盆和菲律宾构造带之间也存在着强耦合关系.  相似文献   

韩城断裂北东段晚更新世以来最新活动研究     

扈桂让  李自红  闫小兵  赵晋泉  郭瑾  曾金艳 《中国地震》2018,34(3):580-590

韩城断裂是汾渭断陷带临汾盆地WS边界的一条控制性断裂,据最新的野外调查研究结果将该断裂分为3段,其中NE段活动性最强,形成的构造地貌也最为显著。本文在野外地质地貌调查的基础上,在NE段选取4个地点进行了探槽开挖和年代样品测试,并对揭示的古地震事件进行了分析探讨,综合各个探槽及典型地质剖面古地震事件分析结果认为,韩城断裂NE段最新的活动时代为距今6~8ka。  相似文献   

阿塔卡马海沟深渊和非深渊站位的沉积脂肪酸对比研究     

项羽  王亚松  肖文杰  韩露露  许云平 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(3):635-647

深渊海沟作为海洋的最深处,是最不被人了解的地球生态环境之一。有机质的输入、含量和活性对于维持深渊生态系统和深渊生物地球化学循环至关重要。本文利用脂肪酸生物标志物方法,研究了来自阿塔卡马海沟的4个沉积物柱状样(长度为15-35cm),比较了水深2560-7770m的深渊(A5, A10)和非深渊(A1, A9)站位的脂肪酸含量、来源和保存状况。本研究共检测到50种脂肪酸化合物,包括来自陆源有机质的长链饱和脂肪酸,来自海源浮游植物的短链饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸,以及来自细菌的甲基支链脂肪酸。总脂肪酸的平均含量在非深渊站位A1最高[(13.4±2.9)mg/gdws],而深渊站位A5最低[(5.4±2.2)μg/gdws],这可能与各站位的初级生产力和水深有关。在所有站位中,海源脂肪酸均处于主导地位(61.6%±9.2%),其比例显著高于陆源脂肪酸(33.6%±10.7%)和细菌脂肪酸(4.9%±2.3%),表明在阿塔卡马海沟沉积物中脂肪酸主要是海源有机质的贡献。在每个站位,随着沉积物深度的增大,陆源脂肪酸的比例均明显增加,而海源脂肪酸的比例则减少,该结果与脂肪酸指数FA-Index的结果一致,表明短链脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸相比于长链饱和脂肪酸更易被降解。最后,非深渊站位的脂肪酸含量随着深度的增加表现出明显的降低,展现出稳定沉积环境中典型的有机质成岩作用,而深渊站位的脂肪酸含量尽管出现波动,但随深度无明显的下降趋势,这可能归结于地震、浊流作用下形成的不稳定沉积环境,有助于有机质从非深渊区向深渊区的快速输入和埋藏。  相似文献   

Lateral downslope transport and tentative sedimentary organic carbon box model in the southern Yap Trench,western Pacific Ocean     

Dong Li  Jun Zhao  Chenggang Liu  Jianming Pan  Ji Hu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(1):61-74

Sediment collapse and subsequent lateral downslope migration play important roles in shaping the habitats and regulating sedimentary organic carbon(SOC) cycling in hadal trenches.In this study,three sediment cores were collected using a human-occupied vehicle across the axis of the southern Yap Trench(SYT).The total organic carbon(TOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents,δ¹³C,radiocarbon ages,specific surface areas,and grain size compositions of sediments from three cores were measured.We...  相似文献   

西太平洋雅浦-卡罗琳海区海山多尺度地形特征     

甘雨  马小川  栾振东  宋永东  徐涛  张建兴  阎军 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,41(1):125-137

海山地形的多尺度特征研究,有助于理解海山形成与演化过程中的地貌过程,并为深入认识俯冲带地球动力过程提供新的线索。本文基于中国科学院海洋研究所“科学”号科考船近年来在雅浦-卡罗琳海区采集的高分辨率海底地形数据,利用统计学及频谱分析等方法,分析了研究区42座海山的形态及地形粗糙度特征,并对海山地形多尺度特征及其成因开展研究。结果表明,雅浦-卡罗琳海区不同构造环境下形成的海山群,在海山的形态参数和多尺度地形特征等方面存在显著差异。相比于索罗尔海槽,帕里西维拉海盆中的海山具有更大的宽高比与更小的平坦度。两区域内海山形态参数具有不同的线性相关关系,表明区域内海山存在不同的形态演化过程。对帕里西维拉海盆中海山地形的频谱分析显示,其大尺度特征信号不显著,意味着该区域内海山地形受小尺度地貌过程的影响更大。索罗尔海槽中海山的粗糙度与海山体积具有线性相关性,可能与不同海山形成过程的差异有关,较早形成的海山受到了更多构造活动及小尺度地貌过程的影响,进而形成了更加粗糙的表面特征。  相似文献